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OPTICS DICTIONARY TERMS
coated optics
Optical elements that have been coated with one or more layers of dielectric, or metallic material. These coatings serve to reduce or increase reflection from the surface, and to protect the surfaces from fumes or abrasion. Magnesium fluoride,...
geometric optics
A field of physics that deals with light as if it truly were composed of rays diverging in various directions from the...
Gaussian beam optics
The area of optics that deals with the propagation of Gaussian laser beams in free space, or any general medium - i.e....
radial gradient
In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the index varies in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis....
replicated optics
Optical components, usually reflectors, produced using proprietary techniques that transfer the precision of a master to a...
fresnel
A unit of frequency equivalent to 1012 cps. Named for Augustin Jean Fresnel, a French physicist known for his work in light...
optics
The study of light – optics is the area of physics that deals with the generation, propagation, and interaction of...
atom optics
The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...
tissue optics
The study of the optical properties of living tissue. Increased understanding of the behavior of light in this varied,...
wafer
A cross-sectional slice cut from an ingot of either single-crystal, fused, polycrystalline or amorphous material that has...
high-performance parallel interface (HIPPI)
A very high bandwidth communication line often used in fiber optics.
magnitude
In astronomy, the relative brightness of a celestial body. Originally a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 represented the brightest...
momentum transfer
In physics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum transferred from one particle to another during particle collision...
laser guide star
An artificial star used to aid in adaptive optics imaging of the sky. The guide star is provided from a telescope system on...
Schlieren optics
An optical system that records inhomogeneities within a medium by detecting the energy refracted by that portion of the...
adaptive optics
Optical components or assemblies whose performance is monitored and controlled so as to compensate for aberrations, static...
image optics
Any form of lens, optical system (camera, telescope, microscope, etc.), or opto-electronics utilized for the purpose of...
Gaussian optics
1. That branch of optics that illustrates the theory in which q is substituted for sin q in Snell's law. Effective results...
free-space optics (FSO)
A type of optical communications technology dealing with the use of lasers and other light sources to send telecommunication...
transposition
In optics, the changing of the relative curves of a lens without changing its refractive value.
laser pen
Device consisting of a laser diode, beam-correcting optics and collimating optics in a single housing. Also called a...
figure (fig)
In optics, the geometrical form of an optical surface.
optics of material
The area of optics that deals with the interaction of light with a given material. The optical properties of material are...
automatic profiling
In fiber optics, the use of a detector to study the range of refractive indices achieved at various wavelengths. This...
high-density storage
Extensive data storage in the form of bits, with the use of high-resolution photographic materials and optics, and generally...
paraboloidal mirror
A concave mirror that has the form of a paraboloid of revolution. The paraboloidal mirror may have only a portion of a...
diffractive lens
Any optical device that utilizes diffraction in an image-forming capability. Familiar diffractive lenses are zone plates,...
photonics
The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...
optical encoder
A device designed to measure linear or rotary motion by detection of the movement of markings on a transparent medium past a...
quantum optics
The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as...
dioptrics
The branch of optics that deals with the study of the refraction of light, particularly by the transmitting medium of the...
laser pointer
Handheld optical laser device containing a semiconductor or DPSS source. The output is corrected via internal collimating...
equivalent wavelength
In surface height measurement of optics with steep slopes, the use of two short visible wavelengths to synthesize a longer,...
matrix optics
cladding glass
In fiber optics, the glass that is found around the glass core of the fiber, and that has a lower refractive index than the...
intensified vidicon
A standard direct-readout vidicon tube linked by fiber optics to an intensifier for increased sensitivity.
infrared scanner
An optical system used to collect infrared energy from a scene using scanning optics with a point or line detector, as...
optical sapphire
A material used in optics that differs from ruby only in the slight impurity that gives the material its color. Colorless...
light pattern
In optics, a pattern, such as the Buchmann-Meyer pattern, that may be viewed when the record surface is illuminated by a...
astronomical mirror
Generally, a mirror used instead of lenses in astronomical and space applications. It is not limited in size, does not...
surface
1. In optics, one of the exterior faces of an optical element. 2. The process of grinding or generating the face of an...
cladding mode
A mode that is confined by virtue of a lower-index medium surrounding the cladding. Cladding modes, in the terminology of...
buffer
1. In fiber optics, a protective material applied as an optical fiber cover that has no optical function. 2. In image...
bellows
In optics, a collapsible structure situated between the lens and film of a camera to allow variation of the distance between...
collective lens
A convex or positive lens that serves to collect energy and direct it into subsequent system optics.
visually coupled airborne systems simulator (VCASS)
A visual system including a tiny television tube and imaging optics, all contained in a helmet to be worn by pilots in...
active optics
Technology that corrects the shape of reflective optics; primarily applied in large telescope systems, in order to...
modulation
In general, changes in one oscillation signal caused by another, such as amplitude or frequency modulation in radio which...
physical optics
The branch of science that treats light as a wave phenomenon wherein light propagation is studied by wavefronts rather than...
solid optics
Optical elements arranged with no spaces between, so that the light travels only through glass, not air.
static beam shaping
A technique for creating optimal performance in a system by producing a specific beam irradiance distribution, usually...
attenuation-limited power
In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the amplitude of a received signal rather than distortion.
pressurization
Injecting a gas (usually nitrogen) with a very low moisture content into the body of an optical instrument to create a...
cold coating
A method of applying antireflection coatings to optics that avoids the elevated temperatures normally used. A cold coating...
object
The figure seen through or imaged by an optical system. It may contain structures, natural or artificial, or it may be the...
diffraction grating
A glass substrate carrying a layer of deposited aluminum that has been pressure-ruled with a large number of fine...
x-ray optics
The study of the physics of x-rays, where the x-rays exhibit properties similar to those of lightwaves. Also called Roentgen...
cutoff wavelength
1. In detector technology, the long wavelength at which detector response falls to a set percentage (usually 20 or 50...
beam table
Laser light show effects equipment including optics and mechanical devices that reflect, position or distort the laser beam,...
fiberless optics
exposure
In optics, the total radiant energy incident on a surface-per-unit area. It is equal to the integral over time of the...
fiber optics
The use of thin flexible glass or plastic fibers as wave guides - or "light pipes" - to channel light from one location to...
infrared camera
A camera that uses infrared optics to image and focus infrared radiation onto a recording medium sensitive to its...
massive optics
Optical components exceeding 24 in. in diameter. The components are usually glass, acrylic or polystyrene and are used for...
covered groove
A technique used in integrated optics where a groove is cut on a substrate surface and covered by a thin film to facilitate...
nano (n)
An SI prefix meaning one billionth (10-9). Nano can also be used to indicate the study of atoms, molecules and other...
ultraviolet fiber optics (UVFO)
Special glasses that extend the usable range of fiber optics well into the ultraviolet region. The fibers have a core of...
micro-optics
Tiny (less than 2 mm in diameter) lenses, beamsplitters and other optical components used, for example, in endoscopes or...
binary optics
Optical elements, often created by micromachining, lithography or vacuum deposition, that rely on diffraction of the...
metamaterial
A material engineered from artificial matter not found in nature. The artificial makeup and design of metamaterials give...
lambertian source plane
In optics, a plane that emits a flux proportional to the cosine of the angle of the normal; dense opal glass is an example.
bubble chamber optics
Specially designed optics for the observation and photographing of hydrogen in a bubble chamber.
collector
A positive lens located at or close to an intermediate image plane. The collector refracts off-axis light bundles, directing...
space-division multiplex (SDM)
In fiber optics, the condition in which each fiber of a bundle carries a separate channel.
magneto-optics
The study of the effects of a magnetic field on specific properties of light, such as polarization.
strain
In optics, the mechanical tension, compression or shear in optical glass due to internal stress caused by improper cooling...
injection molding
A method of producing high-quality plastic optics in large volumes by injecting the heated, liquified plastic at high...
Judas optics
A small defocused Galilean telescope mounted in a hole in a door. Viewed from inside through the positive lens, a wide-angle...
spherical gradient
In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the refractive index varies symmetrically about a point.
octave
The interval between two points, where the frequency at the second point is twice the frequency of the first. In physics and...
concave grating
A reflecting grating ruled on a concave spherical surface that not only disperses the light but focuses the spectrum. The...
laser triangulation
A technique that uses a solid-state laser and a detector to determine an object's relative distance to the system. The laser...
geometric image
The position and shape of the image of a point source, as predicted by geometric optics alone. The geometric image is to be...
scratch resistant coating (SRC)
Thin layers intended to prevent damage to plastic optics.
optogenetics
A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...
electron optics
The control of free electron movement through the use of electrical or magnetic fields, and use of this electron movement in...
refractive index contrast
A measure of the relative difference in refractive index between two optical materials. Most commonly used in fiber optics...
soft coating
A term describing an antireflection coating that may be applied to optics that cannot tolerate the high temperatures usually...
acousto-optics
Discipline within optical physics that addresses sound vibration, phonon effects and their influencing behavior within...
leaky ray
In an optical waveguide, a ray for which geometric optics would predict total internal reflection at the core boundary, but...
beam optics
normalized frequency
Also referred to as the V number in fiber optics; the normalized frequency is a dimensionless quantity, denoted by the...
microdisplay
A transmissive, reflective or emissive high-resolution display that typically measures 1 cm diagonally, and whose use...
crystal optics
The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on...
micro-optic gyroscope (MOG)
A thin-film device that integrates optics and electronics on a single chip to provide a passive-ring resonator gyroscope...
toric lens
A lens having one or more toric surfaces. A toric surface is one having a maximum power in one meridian and a minimum power...
hard coating
Usually a dielectric coating on glass or plastic optics; a coating that is comparable in hardness to glass itself.
endoscope
A medical instrument used to view inside the human body by inserting the instrument into a natural or created aperture. The...
adapter
1. In optics, the housing, usually cylindrical, that contains the lenses and iris diaphragm of a camera. 2. In fiber optics,...
laser tube
The device, usually made of glass or a similar material, that contains the resonant cavity and optics of a gas laser.
image
In optics, an image is the reconstruction of light rays from a source or object when light from that source or object is...
wave optics
Also referred to as physical optics - the area of optics in which the wave nature of light is essential when defining its...
convergence
1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a...
solar furnace
An optical system that is designed to produce a high temperature in a specified area by the optical direction and...
kinematic mount
A mount for an optic element or optics assembly, designed so that all six degrees of freedom are singly constrained. This...
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM)
Also known as single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), this process was designed for imaging of sensitive samples and...
optical
Pertaining to optics and the phenomena of light.
rainbow hologram
Essentially, a hologram of a hologram, in which the first-generation hologram is masked with a narrow slit. During image...
head-up display (HUD)
An optical system that superimposes a synthetic display providing navigational or weapon-aiming information on a pilot's or...
atmospheric optics
The analysis of the properties of radiation, such as light, when acted upon by variations in the atmosphere. Blue and red...
dust extinction
In atmospheric optics, the almost total blocking of light transmission in the atmosphere due to the scattering and...
polishing jig
In fiber optics, a device used to polish a biconic plug to a specified length and surface finish. Also called a polishing...
Geometrical optics
The area of optics in which the propagation of light is described by geometrical lines (or rays) governed by Fermat's...
divergence
1. In optics, the bending of rays away from each other. 2. In lasers, the spreading of a laser beam with increased distance...
first-order optics
vapor-phase axial deposition (VAD)
A process by which high-quality fiber optics are made. See axial vapor-phase deposition.
tangent ogive
In optics, a shape often given to the leading edge of a projectile. In any side view it appears as a pointed arc, while any...
micro ion milling
Process developed for the production of high-resolution patterns in electro- and magneto-optics. These high-generation...
axial gradient
In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the refractive index varies along the direction of light propagation,...
remote laser welding
A robotic process commonly employed by automakers that enables high-speed and flexible production throughput by using...
vacuum apparatus
Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and...
near-field scanning
A measurement technique used to determine the spatial distribution profile of an electrical or optical quantity of interest...
tolerance field
In fiber optics, the annular region between two concentric circles; used to specify fiber cladding and core sizes.
neutralization
In optics, the process of combining two lenses having equal and opposite powers to produce a result having no power.
infrared searchlight
An infrared source combined with reflecting projection optics to illuminate a target making it visible when observed through...
diffractive optics
Optical elements that use diffraction to control wavefronts. Diffractive optical elements include diffraction gratings,...
paraxial
Characteristic of optical analyses that are limited to infinitesimally small apertures. Also called first-order or Gaussian...
incoherent
In optics, the term denoting the lack of a fixed phase relationship between two waves. If two incoherent waves are...
thermograph
The instrument used to collect thermal radiation information on an object by scanning. It consists basically of a detector,...
mandrel
A shaft, spindle or any object generally passed through a workpiece to hold, support or shape a particular piece during its...
bandwidth-limited operation
In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the system bandwidth rather than the amplitude of the signal.
meteorological optics
resolution
1. In optics, the ability of a lens system to reproduce the points, lines and surfaces in an object as separate entities in...
hygroscopic
In fiber optics, a material whose properties, usually of transmission, are distinctly affected by the absorption of water...
dissonance
In optics, the production of maxima and minima by the superimposition of two sets of interference fringes from light of two...
electro-optics
1. The branch of physics that deals with the use of electrical energy to create or manipulate light waves, generally by...
Ruticon
A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...
physiological optics
The study of visual perception by the sense of sight.
integrated optics
A thin-film device containing miniature optical components connected via optical waveguides on a transparent dielectric...
photoelastic
In optics, the double refraction that is produced when stress is applied to a transparent material. Plastics, which are...
emergent ray
In optics, the light ray leaving a medium in contrast to the entering or incident ray.
scanner
1. A device used to trace out an object and build up an image. One of the most common of these types is video scanning. The...
minimum spot size
The smallest linear diameter to which a laser or other beam of radiant energy is capable of being focused, depending on the...
cleaning equipment
In optics, degreasers or ultrasonic arrangements used for removing pitch, cement or polishing material from lenses during...
refracting sphere
A transparent sphere that has an index of refraction that is different from that of the medium surrounding it; used in...
transmission (T)
In optics, the conduction of radiant energy through a medium. Often denotes the percentage of energy passing through an...
Matrix optics
The linear relationship between input and output optical fields for a given optical system or application that allows the...
plastic optics
The integration of plastic materials into optical applications. When the materials are refined into lenses, prisms and...
heterostructures
A method used in integrated optics; formed by growing an epitaxial layer of active material, removing it from its base and...
(149 results found)
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